Présentation d’un rapport sur les fonction social de La Poste Britanique
Postcomm, the UK postal regulator, published research, conducted by NERA Economic Consulting and Accent, on the social value of the post office network. The report provides a quantitative analysis of customers’ willingness to pay for the post office network and the services provided by post offices, derived from a survey of households and businesses.
Significantly, the report showed that customers place a high value on the existing network of post offices although it did not address further questions related to the case for public funding, such as the net cost of providing the current network or how the value of post offices compares with the value of other services (such as education and health care).
In its summary of the main findings in the report, it said:
* For the services of general economic interest provided by post offices (ie postal services, benefits, licensing, bill payment and access to banking services), our lower and upper estimates of the total social value are respectively £0.9 billion and £4.4 billion per year. These totals are built up from average values per household of between £2.6 and £12.2 per month, and average values per SME of between £2.4 and £9.0 per month. Postal services are particularly important, accounting for around 56 per cent of these totals.
* For the network as a whole, our lower and upper estimates of the total social value are respectively £2.3 billion and £10.2 billion per year. These are based on average willingness to pay of £5.9 to £28.6 per month for households, and £6.6 to £24.6 per month for SMEs.
* There is a large difference between the values for the network as a whole and the values associated with the specific services provided by post offices. We interpret this as representing the value that customers attach to the wider social role of post offices. As noted above, however, this value might be affected by recent publicity about the role of post offices.
* In general, the evidence on whether the social value of the post office network differs between types of household or between geographic areas is weak. But there is some evidence that pensionable age households have lower than average values, and households in rural and urban deprived areas have higher than average values.
* Evidence of differences in values for individual services is also weak. But there is evidence that disabled/sick households have higher willingness to pay for benefits and licensing services than other households, and that pensionable age households have lower willingness to pay for banking services.
* There are generally good indications of the validity of the results obtained. Interviewers reported high levels of understanding, effort and concentration; respondents were able to give consistent, and rational explanations for their choices; and willingness to pay was found to vary, as expected, according to income and use of the post office, There are two reasons to be cautious in interpreting the results, in addition to those mentioned already.
1) Firstly, there is evidence that the lower range values are biased downwards, due to respondents giving answers that are fair or reasonable rather than the maximum they would be willing to pay for the post office network. This type of response is common in studies of the present kind, however, and is the reason these results are considered as our lower range of estimates.
2) There is also evidence that the lower range values for households are somewhat sensitive to the range of costs used in the survey, and these costs were higher than expected for a significant proportion of respondents (28%). This means that the lower range value for households might be somewhat inflated. We are unable to quantify the extent of this effect. In our view, however, the lower range estimates remain likely to be a lower bound on the true value of the post office network.
* While households and SMEs typically prefer to use post offices to access services, rather than other providers, in some cases there is a clear preference for one option amongst the possible alternatives to the post office. For example, using the internet is the preferred alternative for renewing car tax or applying for a passport, and using other retailers is the preferred alternative way to buy stamps.
* Providing services through post offices results in an estimated extra cost of £96 million per year for taxpayers, mainly reflecting the provision of the Post Office Card Account (POCA) which allows households without bank accounts to receive benefits and pensions through the post office.
* An estimated 83 per cent of post offices have associated businesses, of which we estimate that 57 per cent are profitable when viewed in isolation and 43 per cent are not profitable.
Prof Ian Bateman, a noted expert in the field of valuation said:
“The study provides a useful estimate of such values which may well prove sufficient for decision making purposes and clearly indicates that network benefits far outstrip costs. The clear conclusion of the study is therefore that the post office network provides a major net social benefit to the UK population.”